Rosario Castellanos Figueroa (25 May 1925 – 7 August 1974), better known as Rosario Castellanos, was a Mexican poet and author.

She was one of Mexico's most important literary voices in the last century. Throughout her life, she wrote eloquently about issues of cultural and gender oppression, and her work has influenced Mexican feminist theory and cultural studies. Though she died young, she opened the door of Mexican literature to women, and left a legacy that still resonates today.